Hydrogenating fatty materials.



'0. ELL-1s. HYDBOGENATING PATTY HATEBIAL8.

1 APPLICATION FILED OUT. 23, 1911. 7 02 5 I Patented May 14, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

I WITNESSES:

c. ELLIS. HYDROGBNATING FATTY MATERIALS.

4 APPLIOATION FILED OUT. 23, 1911. 1,026,1 56. Patented May 14, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

wlmrssis; mvsuron UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CARLETON ELLIS, OF MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO NEW JERSEY TESTINGLABORATORIES, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

HYDBOGENATING FATTY MATERIALS.

TQaZl whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, OARLETON ELLIS, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of Montclair, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydroenating FattyMaterials,of which the folowing 1s a specification.

This invention relates to a method of treating fatty materialsespecially unsaturated fats and fatty glycerids and the like by means ofhydrogen or hydrogen adding substances for the purpose of saturating, to

agreater or less extent, such unsaturated bodies; in order thereby toraise the melting point or otherwise improve the quality thereof; and isconcerned particularly with the: continuous manufacture of hydrogensaturatedcompounds, as distinguished from intermittent manufacture,especially in conjunction with the employmentof catalytic bodies ofvarious sortstcapable of accelerating the absorption of hydrogen; all asmore particularly hereinafter described and as claimed. 1

The addition of hydrogen to unsaturated organic compounds as broughtabout by the catalyticg'iactioni of various metallic compounds, oxidsand the hke has been the sub- ]ectof many investigations, which embracethe work, of Sabatier and Senderens, Mailhe, Henle, Willstatter andMayer, Paal and Amberger, -Paal and Gerum, Paal and Roth, Paal and,Hartmann, Ipatiew, Padoa and Carughi lpa'tiew and Philipow, J akowlew,Rakitinand others. In' ther-pre'sent invention no claim is laid to thebroad method of reducing unsaturated fatty, material ,by hydrogen, butrather to a,

special proc'edure) or treatment involving the hancllingfiofv largequantities of the material in a"cheapyahd'iefiicient manner; said pro-'cedureincludingfthe production of a traveling streani'offa'tty materialundergoing reduction and the treatment of such stream undervaried'thermal and other conditions at different points along its lineto produce essentialljsaturated fatty material.

.It'isth'e' object of the present invention to provide a simple, cheapand ready method of forming saturated fatty material, which shall befree from the disadvantages of the older methods and shall have certainnew and valuable advantages, giving enhanced Specification ot'LettersPatent.

Application filed October 23, 1911.

Patented May 14, 1912.

Serial No. 656,100.

rlous operation.

In the preferred form of my invention involving such operation in acontinuous way, the fatty material, as for example, oleic acid, ispassed through a conduit, preferably of great length, in the form of atraveling yield with a simpler, surer and less labostream whichprogressively advances against a countercurrent of hydrogen or hydrogencontaining gas, as water gas for instance. The conduit may be interiorlylined or coated with catalytic material, including such catalysts asnickel, copper, iron, palladium, platinum, cobalt, chromium,n1anganese,titanium, molybdenum, vanadium and the like, in a finely divided stateor in the forms of their oxids etc. i

When water gas is used as the gaseous reducing medium it may be passed,as stated in a direction counter to that of the oleic acid or otherfatty material, which is caused to flow for example along a slightlyinclined conduit, WhlCh it may only partially fill. The space above thestream of progressively-advancing oil may thus be occupied by the watergas and from this gas the hydrogen is gradually removed so that when thegas finally discharges from the conduit 7 saturated. Now as the avidityof the oil for hydrogen decreases with increasing absorption ofhydrogen, the partial pressure of hydrogen in the circumambient gasdecreases, making completion of the reaction difficult and slow. In theresent preferred form of this invention ff'esli its full complement ofhydrogen comes m contact with the nearly-saturated 'oil thus completingthe reaction, while the fresh oil comes in contact with the gas of.reduced hydrogen-content, from whlch however a substantial quantity ofthe hydrogen is exwater gas with t-racted due a the greater avidity ofthe fresh oil for the hydrogen.

Another feature of mportance is the-possibility of, regulating theheating to suit the different stages of reaction.- 'lheabsorjgptmn of.hydrogen appears-to be progressive as regards its union "in a com'poundcontaining for example two double bonds.. The first bond 'bein'gsatisfied-. under conditions of is, then treated under conditionsspecific} heating'best suited therefor, the second bond therefor, asregards the absorption .of'hy ydmgen. Obviouslyfithis would be afverycomplicated' matter ifcarried out inaclosed. vessel"intermittently, :butin the continuous method included in1thisinvention' suchspehand,the-heating maybe increased progressively or decreased"progressively or other,

ci'fie thermal or 'othertreatment ismadypossible: "Dependingfonf the ioil I or grease; in

wise, as the fatty materialhows along the 5 said conduit;

. ing means for difl'erentiallyheating its-dif-I 'tei'ent parts. 7Aportion of the Conduit is shown in section. Fig.2 is a longitudinalelevation of apparatus substantially similar to'that shown'inTiig, 1,except that it is somewhat more-compach' Fig. "3 is an ele-j heating thesaid chambers.

By reference to'ithe drawings, the manner in whichthe preferredembodiment of this invent-ion may be carriedeut, is diagrammaticallydepicted" f 1;

'In' the drawings," Figure 1 showsinlone fgi'tudinal elevation atreating 'c'onduit- 113v..-

vation of an apparatus "having special ci1-.

eulating means.- A portion of .this' appae ratus also is showninsection.

Like [reference characters designatelike parts in the several-drawings.

Inthe drawings, 1 is an oil 18. is a gas inlet plpe controlled by the Yvalve'19 and 20 is an, oil'outlet pipe having thevalve'2'1. j m V 22 isa gas outlet pipe having the valve 23. In Fig. 2 theconduit is made insections 6, 6", and 16, which are superposed and connected by the pipes26 and 27. A reservoir 29 is provided-forthe oil discharging from thelower section.=Thisreservoir has an outlet pipe provided withthe valve30. The tank 1 of this figure communicates by supply. tank, 7 having theinlet pipe 2 controlled by thev the pipe 25, controlled by the valvefltl, with the gas outlet pipe 22, to enable oil to flow morereadilyfrom the tank 1 to the'conduit (5? fwhen high pressure is employed 'in 1latter.

7 I The operation of the apparatusi as shown in; Figs. land-'2 is as'tollows z aQil Ina--" v: terial containing unsaturatedfatty... odies:

tively. Hydrogen-gas or water gas-isad.

is. placed in the tank-1 and' 'isfallowed". ,flo'w slowly into theconduiti6 orflfi -respccmitted through the pipe 18 as acounter-eurstream-of oil. The conduit"isinclined 'more or less fro'mthehorizontal to secure'any derent; that is to say, thehy'drogentravelsinfl a direction contraryto the traveling liquid a sired "rateoftravel of the oil stre'ainii" The latter flows past the .stati0naryi'ma'ssyof catalytic material-,7 1whi-le wcontaoting;with.

the counter-current of hydrogen: The heat ing jackets may-be filledwith- .paraflinfwax or, a- .fusible alloy-maintained at" the requi sitevtemperature; The treated oildischarges at the lower endflofv the"condiiitflthrough" the pipe 20, and the spent 'orekcessagasis removed'by' the'pipe 22'. Whemusinga nickel catalyzer and. differentially 1heating." I

the oonduit,-the'temperature'in'fit,inxyfifof A A example, be 0.; inj6P,0.; Jand'in, I

6, C., when convertingoleic x'ac'i'd or olein into stearic acid-or-fstear,in,'trespec tively; According to the fatty'unaterial' 1pheric pressure gene'rally;sisivsufiicientig under treatment thepressure likewise-may; p be "varied to suit :the particular-requirements, although in the presentpr'ocess,=;suchf is the correlativeactionpofthe.-various. ele- Y ments that operation at ordinary 'atmOs-I Avariation of the process maybe-15 n hydrogen, insteadlOfF-Wziieitgas isused. This consists in passingithe :hy-j

cl'rogen through the conduitiand allowing, theresidual or unconsumed'gas to I reent'er the lower part of the conduits'o thatthe'gaS cyclicpath; thus-a m re-sepia How of. the gasiscreated "which somewhat favorsabsorption;

Fig. 3 showsiapparatus for icarryingour-I this modification of theprocess, 'in whiclr" case 6 is a conduit shown:horizontallydisposed butwhich may be inclined toyanyf .j

extent desired. The catalyzer is shownat 7, t M

and the heating-"jacket :isfdesi'gnated by. 8'.

31 is a pipe for conveying","g'as,interposed in which is'the' washergorpurifier 32 and"- the pump'33. -A gas supply-linlet'is shown A pipe 36,,l for jconveyingoil, connects ne end of the conduit with-thejother end.Interposed in the oil :pipe is. a pump 37.- At 38 is an .outl etfor thefinished oil. 13125 Theoil enters the apparatus at 39, whilehydrogen gasenters "at, the opposite end. 1;

through the distributing device-'35. The

oil travels to the hydrogen inlet end of the conduit and is withdrawnbythe operation of the pump 37. Treated oil is removed at 38 and freshoil may be introduced at 40. The hydrogen gas travels in a directioncontrary to the oil and is absorbed, more or less, by the oil. Theexcess gas passes from the conduit into the pipe 31, through the washer32 and is then through the pump 33 back into the conduit at- 35.

What I claim is 1. The process of adding hydrogen to oily I materialcontaining unsaturated fatty bodies which comprises forming of sandmaterial a traveling liquid stream of great length, in

causing said stream to flow along a passage way carrying a stationarymass of catalytic material throughout its length, in simultaneouslybringing water gas into contact with said stream as a counter current,whereby gas of maximum hydrogen content comes in contact with thatportion of said stream containing a minimum of unsaturated fatty bodies,and in differentially heating said stream in different parts thereof;whereby saturated fatty material is produced in a continuous manner.

2. The process of adding hydrogen to oily material containingunsaturated fatty bodies which comprises forming of said material atraveling liquid stream of considerable length, in causing'said streamto flow along a passage way carrying a stationary mass of catalyticmaterial substantially throughout its length, in simultaneously bringinga counter current of hydrogen-containing gas into contact with saidstream, whereby gas of maximum hydrogen content comes in contact withthat portion of said stream containing a minimum of unsaturated bodies,and in differentially heating said stream in different parts thereof;whereby saturated fatty material is produced in a continuous manner.

3. The process of adding hydrogen to oily material containingunsaturated fatty bodies which comprises forming of said material anunbroken traveling liquid stream, in causing said stream to flow past astationary mass of catalytic material and in simultaneously bringing acurrent of hydrogen-containing gas into contact with said stream;whereby saturated fatty material is produced.

it. The process of adding hydrogen to oily material containingunsaturated fatty bodies which comprises forming of said material anunbroken traveling liquid stream, in causing said stream to flow past astationary mass of catalytic material, and in simultaneously bringing acurrent of hydrogen into contact with said stream; whereby saturatedfatty material is produced.

5. The process of adding hydrogen to oily material containingunsaturated fatty bodies which comprises forming ofsaid material anunbroken traveling liqu1d stream, in causing said stream to flow past astationary mass of catalytic material under thermal conditions adaptedto the absorption ofhydrogen, and in simultaneously brm in'ga current ofhydrogen into contact wit said stream; whereby saturated fatty materialis produced.

6. The process of adding hydrogen to oily material containingunsaturated fatty bodies which comprises forming of said material atraveling liquid stream, in causing said stream to flow past astationary mass of catalytic material under thermal conditions adaptedto the absorption of hydrogen, and in simultaneously bringing acounter-current of a hydrogen-containin gas into contact with saidstream; where y saturated fatty material is produced.

7. The process of adding hydrogen to oily material containingunsaturated fatty bodies which comprises forming of said material atraveling liquid stream, in causing said stream to flow past astationary mass of catalytic material under thermal conditions adaptedto the absorption of hydrogen, and in simultaneously bringing acounter-current of hydrogen into contact with said stream, wherebysaturated fatty material is produced.

S. The process of adding hydrogen to oily material containingunsaturated fatty bodies which comprises forming of said material aliquid traveling stream, in causing said stream to flow past astationary mass of catalytic material, in differentially heating saidstream in different parts thereof, and in simultaneously bringing acounter-current 100 of hydrogen into contact with said stream;

whereby saturated fatty material is produced. a I

Signed at Montclair 1n the county of Essex and State of New Jersey this19th day of October A. D. 1911.

CARLETON ELLIS. Witnesses:

CHAS. \Vmon'r,

BIRDELLA M. ELLIBL

